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Seth Avram Stein (born July 12, 1953, in Middletown, Connecticut) is an American geophysicist who has done research in plate tectonics, seismology, and space geodesy. He has also done work in public policy for coping with earthquake hazards.[1]

Biography

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Seth Stein's sister became a lawyer, and his brother, Gil, became an archaeologist. Their father was Jerome Leon Stein, a professor of economics at Brown University.[2][3]

After graduating in 1975 with a B.S. in Earth and planetary sciences from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.), Seth Stein matriculated at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). There he graduated in geophysics with an M.S. in 1977 and a Ph.D. in 1978.[4] He was inspired by Keiiti Aki at M.I.T. and by Hiroo Kanamori at Caltech. Stein's doctoral dissertation, supervised by Kanamori,[5] is entitled I. Seismological study of the Ninetyeast and Chagos-Laccadive Ridges, Indian Ocean. II. Models for asymmetric and oblique spreading at midocean ridges. III. Attenuation studies using split normal modes.[6] At Caltech, the three graduate students, Robert J. "Bob" Geller, Emile A. Okal, and Stein often worked together and were called by other geophysicists "The Gang of Three".[7][8] As a postdoc from 1978 to 1979 Stein did research in geophysics at Stanford University. At Northwestern University he was an assistant professor from 1979 to 1983, an associate professor from 1983 to 1987, and a full professor from 1987 until his retirement in 2023 as professor emeritus. At Northwestern University, from 2006 to 2023 he held the Deering Professorship of Geological Sciences and chaired from 1989 to 1992 the Department of Geological Sciences.[4] During his academic career at Northwestern, he was the supervisor for 30 doctoral dissertation.[9]

In 1982 in Manhattan he married Carol Ann Geller,[10] whom he first met when he was a graduate student at Caltech. She was one of the first women to receive a degree in geophysics from Caltech.[5] She became a professor of earth and environmental sciences at the University of Illinois at Chicago, and the couple collaborated extensively in research on geophysics.[1][11][12] Seth and Carol Stein have also collaborated extensively in public education and outreach.[13] They, with 2 co-workers, developed an interpretive guide for a National Park Service journal[14] and, with Abigail M. Foerstner, produced a YouTube video briefly explaining how the Midcontinent Rift controls the geology of the Lake Superior region.[15][16]

Stein was a visiting professor in the Netherlands in 1998 and in Germany from 2013 to 2014. He was for the academic year 1993–1994 a visiting senior scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and from 1998 to 2000 the Scientific Director of the university NAVSTAR Consortium.[4] He was one of the organizers of EarthScope.[17] He served on many national and international scientific committees. In 1986 he was an associate editor for the Journal of Geophysical Research, as well as Geophysical Research Letters. From 1986 to 1989 he was an editor for the Journal of Geophysical Research.[4] He completed a national tour as the 2006 IRIS/SSA (Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology/Seismological Society of America) Distinguished Lecturer, speaking on Giant earthquakes: why, where, when, and what we can do.[18][19] In 2008 he was a design consultant for the Field Museum of Natural History's Nature Unleashed: Inside Natural Disasters exhibit, which became in 2009 a touring exhibit (in the USA and Canada) seen, over a number of years, by more than 1.5 million people.[4][20][21][22] From 2019 to 2021 he was president of the natural hazards section of the American Geophysical Union (AGU).[4]

Stein authored the 2010 book Disaster deferred: how new science is changing our view of earthquake hazards in the Midwest for a general audience. He co-authored the 2003 textbook Introduction to seismology, earthquakes, and earth structure (which became widely used in undergraduate college courses in seismology) and the 2014 book Playing against nature: integrating science and economics to mitigate natural hazards in an uncertain world. He also co-edited 6 other books.[4]

The main theme of Stein's research is seismology with phenomena related to earthquakes.[1] He is the author or co-author of more than 200 scientific publications.[4] He and his collaborators did research on tectonic plate motions and how such motions cause earthquakes, as well as how to mitigate societal problems caused by earthquakes.[5] Early in his career at Northwestern University, he and another faculty member led a team of graduate students that developed NUVEL-1, a model providing new insights into plate motions. This model helped to explain the geophysics of the San Andreas Fault and demonstrated that the Indian Plate and the Australian Plate are distinct. Geophysicists routinely compared the NUVEL model with results from space-based geodesy to identify change in plate motion. The model provided a standard for describing plate motions[1] and established a basis for newer models such as MORVEL.[23] Stein made important contributions to models of plate boundary changes involving microplates, He also did research on thermal evolution of the ocean floor and applications of geophysical data to understanding variations in orogeny of the Andes.[1]

In 1999 Stein with 5 co-authors published in the journal Science a paper indicating that the dangers of a major earthquake in the New Madrid Seismic Zone were significantly overestimated.[24] The research of Seth Stein, Emile Okal, and other geophysics on the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake showed how its devastating, giant tsunami was generated and estimated similar dangers from other subduction zones;[25][26][1] they also suggested how GPS data could be used to create a highly effective, real-time system for tsunami warnings and earthquake source determinations.[27][28] Stein investigated the consequences of post-glacial rebound for earthquakes.[29] He and his collaborators used GPS data to make a comprehensive review of post-glacial rebound in North America and to provide a basis for improved models of mantle viscosity.[1]

In 1989 American Geophysical Union elected Stein a Fellow and also awarded him the James B. Macelwane Medal. The Geological Society of America elected him a Fellow in 1999 and gave him the George P. Woollard Award in 2009. In 2010 he received the European Geosciences Union's Stephan Mueller Medal and was also elected a Foreign Member of Academia Europaea. In 2014 the Royal Astronomical Society awarded him the Price Medal.[4] In 2022 the American Geophysical Union awarded him the Walter H. Bucher Medal.[30]

Stein was a trip leader for the Illinois Chapter of the Sierra Club.[11] Seth and Carol Stein, the parents of a daughter and a son,[1] endowed a graduate fellowship, administered by the Hertz Foundation, for Earth sciences graduate students and an award, admiinistered by the Geological Society of America, for early career geophysicists.[12] In retirement, he continues to be active in the public education programs of the geophysical community and to work with news media and museums.[4]

Selected publications

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Books

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "2009 George P. Woollard Award presented to Seth A. Stein; citation by Donna M. Jurdy; response by Seth A. Stein". Geological Society of American.
  2. ^ "Jerome L. Stein, biographical sketch" (PDF). Brown University (brown.edu).
  3. ^ "Paid Notice: Death, Professor Jerome Leon Stein". The New York Times. February 8, 2013.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Full C.V. | Seth Stein". Northwestern University (sites.northwestern.edu).
  5. ^ a b c "Seth Stein (PHD '78), Earthquake Seismologist". Caltech | Heritage Project. 12 July 2022; interview conducted on April 6, 2022 by David Zierler, Director of the Caltech Heritage Project{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  6. ^ Stein, Seth Avram (1978). I. Seismological study of the Ninetyeast and Chagos-Laccadive Ridges, Indian Ocean. II. Models for asymmetric and oblique spreading at midocean ridges. III. Attenuation studies using split normal modes. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. CaltechTHESIS, A Caltech Library Service (Thesis). doi:10.7907/1BWE-9G81.
  7. ^ "Robert J. Geller (BS '73, PhD '77)". Caltech | Heritage Project. September 29, 2022; interview conducted on April 14, 2022 by David Zierler, Director of the Caltech Heritage Project{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  8. ^ "Emile A. Okal". Northwestern University (northwestern.edu).
  9. ^ "Walter H. Bucher Medal, 2022 Recipient Seth Stein". American Geophysical Union (AGU).
  10. ^ "Seth Stein Weds Carol Ann Geller". The New York Times. November 26, 1982.
  11. ^ a b "Seth Stein | Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University".
  12. ^ a b "Biography | Seth Stein". Northwestern University (sites.northwestern.edu).
  13. ^ "Partners in Science, in Life, and in Giving Back (9 Feb. 2022)". GSA Foundation. 9 February 2022.
  14. ^ Stein, Seth Stein; Stein, Carol A.; Blavascunas, Eunice; Kley, Jonas (Summer 2015). "Using Lake Superior parks to explain the Midcontinent Rift". Park Science. 32 (1). U.S. National Park Service.
  15. ^ "Lake Superior and the Midcontinent Rift: the billion year story". YouTube. EarthScope. December 23, 2015; video co-produced by Abigail Forester, Seth Stein, and Carol Stein; explaining how the Midcontinent Rift "gave rise to Lake Superior that is the basis of the area's water-based history and economy, the copper deposits that shaped the region's settlement and growth, and today's tourist industry"{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  16. ^ "Abigail Foerstner" (PDF). Medill School of Journalism, Northwestern University.
  17. ^ "Seth Stein, PhD, 1975 Hertz Fellow". The Hertz Foundation.
  18. ^ Stein, Seth. Giant earthquakes: why, where, when, and what we can do (slides for 2006 IRIS/SSA Lecture) (PDF).
  19. ^ "Seth Stein, speaker in Distinguished Lectureship - Speakers, IRIS Education and Public Outreach (EPO) program". IRIS programs (iris.com). 2006.
  20. ^ "Nature Unleashed: Inside Natural Disasters, May 23, 2008 through January 4, 2009". Past Exhibitions, Field Museum of Natural History.
  21. ^ "Field Museum unveils timely nature exhibit". Chicago Tribune. May 20, 2008; by William Mullen and an anonymous Chicago Tribune reporter{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  22. ^ "Witness the Power of Natural Disasters at "Nature Unleashed" (at the Indiana State Museum from March 11 - May 29, 2017". Visit Indiana (indiana.com). March 8, 2017.
  23. ^ DeMets, Charles; Gordon, Richard G.; Argus, Donald F. (April 2010). "Geologically current plate motions". Geophysical Journal International. 181 (1): 1–80. Bibcode:2010GeoJI.181....1D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04491.x.
  24. ^ Newman, Andrew; Stein, Seth; Weber, John; Engeln, Joseph; Mao, Ailin; Dixon, Timothy (1999). "Slow Deformation and Lower Seismic Hazard at the New Madrid Seismic Zone". Science. 284 (5414): 619–621. Bibcode:1999Sci...284..619N. doi:10.1126/science.284.5414.619. PMID 10213680.
  25. ^ Stein, Seth; Okal, Emile A. (2005). "Speed and size of the Sumatra earthquake". Nature. 434 (7033): 581–582. doi:10.1038/434581a. PMID 15800611. S2CID 2025217.
  26. ^ Stein, Seth; Okal, Emile A. (2005). "The 2004 Sumatra earthquake and Indian Ocean tsunami: What happened and why?". Visual Geosciences. 10 (1): 21–26. Bibcode:2005ViGeo..10a..21S. doi:10.1007/s10069-005-0025-x. S2CID 6412775.
  27. ^ Blewitt, Geoffrey; Kreemer, Corné; Hammond, William C.; Plag, Hans-Peter; Stein, Seth; Okal, Emile (2006). "Rapid determination of earthquake magnitude using GPS for tsunami warning systems". Geophysical Research Letters. 33 (11). Bibcode:2006GeoRL..3311309B. doi:10.1029/2006GL026145. S2CID 11716706.
  28. ^ Blewitt, Geoffrey; Hammond, William C.; Kreemer, Corné; Plag, Hans-Peter; Stein, Seth; Okal, Emile (2009). "GPS for real-time earthquake source determination and tsunami warning systems". Journal of Geodesy. 83 (3–4): 335–343. Bibcode:2009JGeod..83..335B. doi:10.1007/s00190-008-0262-5. S2CID 14772887.
  29. ^ Stein, Seth (2007). "Approaches to continental intraplate earthquake issues". Continental Intraplate Earthquakes: Science, Hazard, and Policy Issues. doi:10.1130/2007.2425(01). ISBN 9780813724256.
  30. ^ Fellman, Megan (October 5, 2022). "Geophysicist Seth Stein is driven to understand how our planet works: Professor is honored by the American Geophysical Union with the Bucher Medal for contributions to basic knowledge of Earth's crust and lithosphere". News, Northwestern University.
  31. ^ Houston, Heidi (2003). "Review of An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Earth Structure by Seth Stein and Michael Wysession". Physics Today. 56 (10): 66–67. Bibcode:2003PhT....56j..66S. doi:10.1063/1.1629009.
  32. ^ Monastersky, Richard (November 2011). "Is Money Wasted Preparing for a Major Midwest Quake?". Nature. reprint available from scientificamerican.com
  33. ^ Stein, S. A.; Stein, J. (December 2012). "Playing against nature: improving earthquake hazard mitigation". AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. 2012. Bibcode:2012AGUFM.G52A..04S.
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